Natural earth—purified, calcined, and ground.
Composition: Iron oxides (Fe₂O₃·nH₂O), Al₂O₃, MnO₂, Si
Micro-characteristics: Transparent granules
Interference colors: None
Origin: Cyprus
Specific gravity: 3.5
Opacity: Good
Lightfastness: Good
Lime stability: Very good
Chemical stability: Good
Applications: Restoration, tempera, oil, watercolor
Historical references: Roman and Greek